파이썬에서 다중 선형 회귀
다중 회귀를 수행하는 파이썬 라이브러리를 찾지 못하는 것 같습니다. 내가 찾은 유일한 것은 단순한 회귀 만합니다. 여러 독립 변수 (x1, x2, x3 등)에 대해 종속 변수 (y)를 되돌려 야합니다.
예를 들어이 데이터를 사용하면
print 'y x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7'
for t in texts:
print "{:>7.1f}{:>10.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>9.2f}{:>10.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>7.2f}{:>9.2f}" /
.format(t.y,t.x1,t.x2,t.x3,t.x4,t.x5,t.x6,t.x7)
(위에 대한 출력 :)
y x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
-6.0 -4.95 -5.87 -0.76 14.73 4.02 0.20 0.45
-5.0 -4.55 -4.52 -0.71 13.74 4.47 0.16 0.50
-10.0 -10.96 -11.64 -0.98 15.49 4.18 0.19 0.53
-5.0 -1.08 -3.36 0.75 24.72 4.96 0.16 0.60
-8.0 -6.52 -7.45 -0.86 16.59 4.29 0.10 0.48
-3.0 -0.81 -2.36 -0.50 22.44 4.81 0.15 0.53
-6.0 -7.01 -7.33 -0.33 13.93 4.32 0.21 0.50
-8.0 -4.46 -7.65 -0.94 11.40 4.43 0.16 0.49
-8.0 -11.54 -10.03 -1.03 18.18 4.28 0.21 0.55
선형 회귀 공식을 얻으려면 어떻게 파이썬에서 이것을 회귀합니까?
Y = a1x1 + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x4 + a5x5 + a6x6 + + a7x7 + c
sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression 그것을 할 것입니다 :
from sklearn import linear_model
clf = linear_model.LinearRegression()
clf.fit([[getattr(t, 'x%d' % i) for i in range(1, 8)] for t in texts],
[t.y for t in texts])
그런 다음 clf.coef_회귀 계수를 갖습니다.
sklearn.linear_model 또한 회귀에 대해 다양한 종류의 정규화를 수행하는 유사한 인터페이스가 있습니다.
여기에 내가 만든 약간의 해결 방법이 있습니다. R로 확인했는데 올바르게 작동합니다.
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
y = [1,2,3,4,3,4,5,4,5,5,4,5,4,5,4,5,6,5,4,5,4,3,4]
x = [
[4,2,3,4,5,4,5,6,7,4,8,9,8,8,6,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5],
[4,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,6,5],
[4,1,2,5,6,7,8,9,7,8,7,8,7,7,7,7,7,7,6,6,4,4,4]
]
def reg_m(y, x):
ones = np.ones(len(x[0]))
X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((x[0], ones)))
for ele in x[1:]:
X = sm.add_constant(np.column_stack((ele, X)))
results = sm.OLS(y, X).fit()
return results
결과:
print reg_m(y, x).summary()
산출:
OLS Regression Results
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable: y R-squared: 0.535
Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 0.461
Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 7.281
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2013 Prob (F-statistic): 0.00191
Time: 21:51:28 Log-Likelihood: -26.025
No. Observations: 23 AIC: 60.05
Df Residuals: 19 BIC: 64.59
Df Model: 3
==============================================================================
coef std err t P>|t| [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1 0.2424 0.139 1.739 0.098 -0.049 0.534
x2 0.2360 0.149 1.587 0.129 -0.075 0.547
x3 -0.0618 0.145 -0.427 0.674 -0.365 0.241
const 1.5704 0.633 2.481 0.023 0.245 2.895
==============================================================================
Omnibus: 6.904 Durbin-Watson: 1.905
Prob(Omnibus): 0.032 Jarque-Bera (JB): 4.708
Skew: -0.849 Prob(JB): 0.0950
Kurtosis: 4.426 Cond. No. 38.6
pandas 이 답변에 주어진 OLS를 실행하는 편리한 방법을 제공합니다.
Just to clarify, the example you gave is multiple linear regression, not multivariate linear regression refer. Difference:
The very simplest case of a single scalar predictor variable x and a single scalar response variable y is known as simple linear regression. The extension to multiple and/or vector-valued predictor variables (denoted with a capital X) is known as multiple linear regression, also known as multivariable linear regression. Nearly all real-world regression models involve multiple predictors, and basic descriptions of linear regression are often phrased in terms of the multiple regression model. Note, however, that in these cases the response variable y is still a scalar. Another term multivariate linear regression refers to cases where y is a vector, i.e., the same as general linear regression. The difference between multivariate linear regression and multivariable linear regression should be emphasized as it causes much confusion and misunderstanding in the literature.
In short:
- multiple linear regression: the response y is a scalar.
- multivariate linear regression: the response y is a vector.
(Another source.)
You can use numpy.linalg.lstsq:
import numpy as np
y = np.array([-6,-5,-10,-5,-8,-3,-6,-8,-8])
X = np.array([[-4.95,-4.55,-10.96,-1.08,-6.52,-0.81,-7.01,-4.46,-11.54],[-5.87,-4.52,-11.64,-3.36,-7.45,-2.36,-7.33,-7.65,-10.03],[-0.76,-0.71,-0.98,0.75,-0.86,-0.50,-0.33,-0.94,-1.03],[14.73,13.74,15.49,24.72,16.59,22.44,13.93,11.40,18.18],[4.02,4.47,4.18,4.96,4.29,4.81,4.32,4.43,4.28],[0.20,0.16,0.19,0.16,0.10,0.15,0.21,0.16,0.21],[0.45,0.50,0.53,0.60,0.48,0.53,0.50,0.49,0.55]])
X = X.T # transpose so input vectors are along the rows
X = np.c_[X, np.ones(X.shape[0])] # add bias term
beta_hat = np.linalg.lstsq(X,y)[0]
print beta_hat
Result:
[ -0.49104607 0.83271938 0.0860167 0.1326091 6.85681762 22.98163883 -41.08437805 -19.08085066]
You can see the estimated output with:
print np.dot(X,beta_hat)
Result:
[ -5.97751163, -5.06465759, -10.16873217, -4.96959788, -7.96356915, -3.06176313, -6.01818435, -7.90878145, -7.86720264]
Use scipy.optimize.curve_fit. And not only for linear fit.
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
import scipy
def fn(x, a, b, c):
return a + b*x[0] + c*x[1]
# y(x0,x1) data:
# x0=0 1 2
# ___________
# x1=0 |0 1 2
# x1=1 |1 2 3
# x1=2 |2 3 4
x = scipy.array([[0,1,2,0,1,2,0,1,2,],[0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2]])
y = scipy.array([0,1,2,1,2,3,2,3,4])
popt, pcov = curve_fit(fn, x, y)
print popt
Once you convert your data to a pandas dataframe (df),
import statsmodels.formula.api as smf
lm = smf.ols(formula='y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7', data=df).fit()
print(lm.params)
The intercept term is included by default.
See this notebook for more examples.
I think this may the most easy way to finish this work:
from random import random
from pandas import DataFrame
from statsmodels.api import OLS
lr = lambda : [random() for i in range(100)]
x = DataFrame({'x1': lr(), 'x2':lr(), 'x3':lr()})
x['b'] = 1
y = x.x1 + x.x2 * 2 + x.x3 * 3 + 4
print x.head()
x1 x2 x3 b
0 0.433681 0.946723 0.103422 1
1 0.400423 0.527179 0.131674 1
2 0.992441 0.900678 0.360140 1
3 0.413757 0.099319 0.825181 1
4 0.796491 0.862593 0.193554 1
print y.head()
0 6.637392
1 5.849802
2 7.874218
3 7.087938
4 7.102337
dtype: float64
model = OLS(y, x)
result = model.fit()
print result.summary()
OLS Regression Results
==============================================================================
Dep. Variable: y R-squared: 1.000
Model: OLS Adj. R-squared: 1.000
Method: Least Squares F-statistic: 5.859e+30
Date: Wed, 09 Dec 2015 Prob (F-statistic): 0.00
Time: 15:17:32 Log-Likelihood: 3224.9
No. Observations: 100 AIC: -6442.
Df Residuals: 96 BIC: -6431.
Df Model: 3
Covariance Type: nonrobust
==============================================================================
coef std err t P>|t| [95.0% Conf. Int.]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1 1.0000 8.98e-16 1.11e+15 0.000 1.000 1.000
x2 2.0000 8.28e-16 2.41e+15 0.000 2.000 2.000
x3 3.0000 8.34e-16 3.6e+15 0.000 3.000 3.000
b 4.0000 8.51e-16 4.7e+15 0.000 4.000 4.000
==============================================================================
Omnibus: 7.675 Durbin-Watson: 1.614
Prob(Omnibus): 0.022 Jarque-Bera (JB): 3.118
Skew: 0.045 Prob(JB): 0.210
Kurtosis: 2.140 Cond. No. 6.89
==============================================================================
Multiple Linear Regression can be handled using the sklearn library as referenced above. I'm using the Anaconda install of Python 3.6.
Create your model as follows:
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X, y)
# display coefficients
print(regressor.coef_)
You can use numpy.linalg.lstsq
You can use the function below and pass it a DataFrame:
def linear(x, y=None, show=True):
"""
@param x: pd.DataFrame
@param y: pd.DataFrame or pd.Series or None
if None, then use last column of x as y
@param show: if show regression summary
"""
import statsmodels.api as sm
xy = sm.add_constant(x if y is None else pd.concat([x, y], axis=1))
res = sm.OLS(xy.ix[:, -1], xy.ix[:, :-1], missing='drop').fit()
if show: print res.summary()
return res
Here is an alternative and basic method:
from patsy import dmatrices
import statsmodels.api as sm
y,x = dmatrices("y_data ~ x_1 + x_2 ", data = my_data)
### y_data is the name of the dependent variable in your data ###
model_fit = sm.OLS(y,x)
results = model_fit.fit()
print(results.summary())
Instead of sm.OLS you can also use sm.Logit or sm.Probit and etc.
참고URL : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11479064/multiple-linear-regression-in-python
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